The health of executives tends to be overlooked and given less consideration. Indeed, when we talk about health at work, we mainly focus on employees. However, when an executive is unwell or suffering, the entire company can be affected. According toa 2023survey by the MMA Entrepreneurs of the Future Foundation, nearly 4 in 10 executives have had to prioritize their work at the expense of their health. In addition, 23% of respondents mentioned the risk of depression or burnout.
Nadine Bourgaux, psychologist with the Pros-Consulte network, answers our questions about executive health.
How can the health of leaders be affected?
The health of managers is indeed a subject that has been somewhat neglected. While occupational health services were created in 1946, consideration of managers' health was incorporated into legislation with the Occupational Health Act of August 2, 2021, which came into force on March 31, 2022. And yet this is an important issue, as we are seeing an increase in entrepreneurial activity. Younger people are also increasingly expressing a desire to start their own businesses.
Executive health: risks to mental and physical health
The aforementioned study by the MMA Foundation, conducted among executives, reveals some thought-provoking results. In this study, a majority of executives (83%) consider themselves to be in good health. These results, which at first glance seem rather satisfactory, should nevertheless be qualified. In fact, one in four executives mentions a risk of depression or burnout. Seven out of ten report suffering from at least one physical ailment: back pain, joint pain, and sleep disorders are the most commonly cited.
Executive health: medical monitoring put on hold
More worryingly, the results show that over a third of them neglect medical follow-up. A third have given up on consulting a doctor due to lack of time, mainly to prioritize their professional activities.
This study also shows that 7 out of 10 managers feel affected by stress. 4 out of 10 find it difficult to balance their personal and professional lives. These are classic symptoms of the impact of stress at work on physical and mental health.
A denial of health
Olivier Torrès is a researcher at the University of Montpellier and founder of theAMAROK Executive Health Observatory. He talks about the syndrome of "I don't have time to be sick" or even "I don't have the right to be sick." For many executives, there seems to be a denial of health issues. Concerns about the health of their company often take precedence over consideration for their own health.
It is important to maintain and develop vigilance with regard to overwork, professional exhaustion that can lead to burnout, or even suicidal thoughts.
Executive health: what are the risk factors?
How do they differ from those of employees?
The risks are partly linked to the specific nature of the executive role. Henry Mintzberg, a leading figure in management research, has shown that executives are not primarily focused on strategic aspects. In fact, their work is also characterized by the multiplicity and brevity of tasks, frenetic pace, and frequent interruptions.
Leaders must constantly be focused on action. Their role requires them to constantly adapt in an increasingly complex environment. They are constantly immersed in situations that they are unfamiliar with or do not fully understand.
And despite this, it is he who must provide the framework and set objectives. He also creates the conditions for the company's activities to be carried out in the best possible way.
Multiple factors contributing to complexity
Complexity is generated by multiple factors such as global crises that can impact business, technological and digital developments. But also by societal changes, the rise of remote working and hybrid working since the health crisis. Or even expectations regarding work, for example, and the place of work in life. To manage in times of uncertainty and contradiction, managers need to adopt new ways of thinking and doing things. They also need to stay constantly connected to developments in their environment. In a sense, leaders must always be one step ahead.
Executive health: 4 types of stressors
Olivier Torrès identifies four main types of stressors specific to executives. Some factors relate to strategy and governance. These include, for example, conflicts between partners. Then there are financial aspects. For example, a decline in revenue or cash flow problems. There are also factors related to relationships and social issues. These include having to lay off employees, responding to social demands, or managing conflicts. And finally, there are issues related to production and the uncertainties that can arise in this area.
Risk factors similar to those of employees
Nevertheless, the activities of managers fall within the sphere of work, as is the case for other employees. Therefore, beyond these stress factors intrinsic to the role of manager, they are exposed to risk factors of the same nature as all employees. Even if, for some, these can be analyzed from a slightly different angle.
Managers may be exposed to high workloads and mental stress. These can be caused by the sheer number of activities, responsibilities, and the weight of decisions. A lack of time to complete all of their tasks can also generate a feeling of being unable to work effectively. In addition, they may be exposed to conflicts of values and a lack of recognition in their work environment. Finally, insecurity related to the economic situation of their company is also one of the risk factors.
Salutogenic factors
However, alongside these risk factors, there are specific resource factors for managers. Olivier Torrès describes these as "salutogenic" factors. They may include a sense of self-efficacy, optimism, and job satisfaction. These factors give meaning and coherence to managers. They are a source of motivation and, in a way, counterbalance the risk factors. They also limit the risk of developing conditions such as burnout. Entrepreneurship therefore also has beneficial effects on health.
The health of leaders also affects the company and teams
The company plays a major role in the life of a manager. He cannot afford to make mistakes when it comes to his own company. Indeed, the consequences of the company's failure do not affect him alone. They affect employees as well as their family. There is significant exposure to economic risks. This can also involve personal and family assets, which are often invested in the creation of the company.
The central role of the company in the life of a manager will often influence many aspects of their life. In public, they must embody a strong leader. They must also address health issues, especially mental health, which can often remain a taboo subject, both in their professional and personal lives.
The preventive role of managers
Managers play an important role in preventing occupational and psychosocial risks in particular. They must implement preventive measures to ensure the health and safety of employees. They are often the first line of defense and are the primary preventers of employee health issues.
There is a close link between the health of the manager and the health of their company. And it is further correlated with the size of the company. An accident or illness will jeopardize the sustainability of a small business in which the manager takes on multiple roles.
However, there are also situations where, in the context of significant difficulties facing the company, the manager's ability to implement the necessary regulations and actions to restore a more satisfactory situation can be a key factor in their own well-being.
What tools can be used to prevent these risks?
Avoid situations of isolation
While leaders are overburdened with multiple issues, they also risk becoming isolated. They are often alone when it comes to making certain decisions. It is important for leaders to have spaces where they can exchange ideas and get their peers' perspectives on the situations and difficulties they encounter. This also allows them to share ideas, insights, and their respective experiences. There are many professional networks and executive clubs that can meet these objectives. It is important to assess your specific needs and target the spaces that can best meet them.
Surround yourself with the right skills and delegate
Managers are overburdened with a wide variety of responsibilities. Despite this overload, it is useful to take the time to identify the essential activities that the manager must retain. Conversely, it is also useful to identify those activities that, while important, could be delegated or shared. This can sometimes lead to greater efficiency, as managers cannot be experts in all areas necessary for the functioning of their companies (finance, sales, marketing, technology, etc.).
Preserving time for personal rejuvenation
It is important to continue enjoying activities that bring pleasure. These can be family-related, sporting, or leisure activities. It is necessary to set aside time for rest and relaxation in order to avoid burnout.
Adopt a healthy lifestyle
Get enough restful sleep, eat a healthy diet, and exercise regularly.
Receive support
Several avenues can be explored. Coaching, for example, can help managers grow personally and professionally. This support helps them better identify their strengths and areas for development. Coaching will enable them to perform their duties with greater comfort and confidence. It can also be beneficial in helping them manage crisis situations or important projects. They may also choose to seek support from a psychologist. Participating in management development groups can also be beneficial, as can attending training courses.
Are you a manager looking for support in maintaining your mental health? Our teams are available to discuss possible actions you can take.
